Under what condition can an attorney not withdraw their representation?

An attorney must obtain court approval to withdraw their representation in certain situations. This requirement is in place to ensure that the client's rights are protected and that the judicial process is not disrupted. When a case is active, the attorney’s departure could significantly affect its progression, potentially harming the client’s position. Hence, the court must be informed and must assess whether the withdrawal can occur without prejudice to the client.

In scenarios where an attorney has a conflict of interest, they are generally obligated to resolve the conflict in a way that doesn't harm the client’s interests, which may allow for withdrawal without court intervention. Similarly, if a client has not paid, while this could be a valid reason for withdrawal, the attorney still needs to follow proper procedures, which may include seeking court approval depending on the jurisdiction and the specifics of the case. Thus, obtaining court approval ensures a structured and fair process when terminating representation.